![]() ( f11photo / Adobe Stock) First Fort Built at the Himeji Castle Site in 1333 AD Himeji Castle in the fall, Himeyama Hill, Himeji City, Japan. There were also quarters designated for merchants and artisans, while temples and entertainment districts were located on the fringes of cities, or just outside of them. The higher the rank of the samurai, the closer he lived to the castle. Next came the samurai, whose homes were built around the castle. At the top of the hierarchy was the daimyo or feudal lord. In addition to being a fortress, hill castles were also a reflection of the social hierarchy of feudal Japan. These castles not only served a defensive purpose, but also a political one. Hill castles were built throughout Japan’s feudal period, and became especially prominent from the middle of the Sengoku period (Age of the Warring States). This means that Himeji Castle is a hill castle, one of three types of Japanese castles, the other two being the mountain castle and the plain castle. Himeji Castle is located on the top of Himeyama Hill, in the central part of the Harima Plain. The cultural significance of Himeji Castle is evident in the fact that it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and five of its structures are designated as National Treasures. Moreover, the castle is connected to some of the most important figures in Japanese history. The castle is admired not only for its beauty but also for its defensive ingenuity. For instance, it is one of Japan’s 12 so-called ‘original-construction’ castles, and widely considered to be the finest surviving example of a feudal Japanese castle. Himeji Castle is an important monument for a variety of reasons. A fort was originally built during the 14 th century AD on the present-day castle site, though the current structure dates to the 17 th century AD. Himeji-jo, known also as Himeji Castle, is located in Himeji City, in Japan’s Hyogo Prefecture.
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